The Impacts of Economics Crisis in Indonesia

The monetary emergency, which hit Indonesia, started in Thailand in June 1997. It quickly spread, making stocks tumble and numerous Asian monetary forms to fall, the most noticeably terrible of all the Indonesian Rupiah. Indonesia†s intensifying financial circumstance is fundamentally because of the sharp devaluation of Rupiah against the US dollar. Being out of our government†s control, the Rupiah continues sliding further and at its absolute bottom contacted a degree of Rp. 17,000 against the US dollar. Understanding that the economy won't recuperate for the time being, it requires significant investment and genuine exertion to bring back the economy progressing nicely. So as to cover the spending deficiency, the Indonesian government asked the help from the International Monetary Fund. With respect to the recovery of the monetary emergency, Indonesia needs gigantic guide. The emergency has made the financial part breakdown drastically. The huge number of banks in my nation may be one of the principle issues as there are in excess of 265 units. The ongoing financial emergency has put more weights on the financial segment so the administration chose to shut down 16 debilitated private banks without a full assurance on the arrival of their store reserves. This has constrained contributors to draw their reserve funds and moved to remote and government banks which brought about a major scramble for a few private banks. Because of this, The Central Bank needs to print new cash for infusion and rescuing the ruined banks brought about by the hurry. By printing cash, the legislature accidentally incited the flare-up of hyperinflation. Froze by this, the Central Bank chose to raise loan costs. Accordingly, organizations that were exceptionally subject to credits are compelled to shut down. Numerous Indonesian processing plants are confronting money related challenges due to the enormous and broad abroad obligations and a colossal reliance on bringing in crude material and supplies. We realize that most processing plants have been excessively subject to imports and their proprietors far too pulled in to remote capital without supporting. They are confronting issues with credit reimbursement because of the intense devaluation of the Rupiah. Indeed, even medium and little ventures are confronting a similar issue. They experience issues in maintaining their organizations since they couldn't stand to pay the high loan cost. Then, the economy keeps on breaking down with the yearly swelling rate once increasing over 100%. A great deal of production lines are shutting down and the quantity of jobless individuals increment. The expanding quantities of organizations that failed and the manufacturing plants, which are shutting down, have escalated the amount of jobless individuals and joblessness. To envision the long emergency, most organizations need to rebuild their administration frameworks. It is significant in the emergency period for organizations to accomplish proficiency and stick to advertise situated activity. For proficiency, organizations can't stay away from yet diminishing the activity cost and working hours. This brought about the colossal number of lay-off and chopping down number of workers. As per expectation, this emergency has caused in any event 20 million individuals to get jobless, 20% of the younger students are at genuine danger of dropping out of school because of contracting family livelihoods, taking off joblessness, and hyperinflation. Alongside the serious dry spell, which took steps to push upwards of 50 million individuals into destitution, expanding joblessness, craving and neediness has additionally been made. This difficult issue has affected wrongdoing, disorder, and social agitation. Needy individuals can no longer stand to purchase staple food and fundamental thing items. Indeed, even appropriations could no longer help with the individuals getting all the more handily enticed and affected to carry out wrongdoing. Taking, burglarizing, plundering, decimating, and consuming could never again be stayed away from. The disaster was on May 14, 1998, when the mass mobs began in Jakarta. The irate crowds began to plunder, obliterate and torch shops, grocery stores, vehicles, lodging edifices and even the Chinese minority turned into the objective by being truly ambushed and manhandled. The explanation is on the grounds that most Chinese command the business factor. Direct misfortunes are roughly US$ 909 million. This brought about a stagnation of the business, transportation and dissemination segment since most Chinese have fled the nation. This mid-May revolt has left an awful impact on me. I am profoundly lamented that these things ought to happen to my own nation and individuals. Persuaded by this disaster, I guarantee that I will contribute with my insight to help my nation in troublesome time like at this point. My solid duty is to attempt to limit the effect of the financial emergency.

Essay Writing Tips - How to Write My Essay

Essay Writing Tips - How to Write My EssayIf you're looking for a way to make it easier for you to write your college essay, there are plenty of essay writing tips that you can find on the Internet. One of the biggest things that you should know is that you want to be able to finish your essay on time. As you're reading through these tips, you will quickly find out that there are different ways to help you out in your writing skills.Your first tip to consider is what you will be writing as a research paper. It would be very hard for you to write your research paper if you do not know what you're writing about. If you have some facts or information that you have acquired that may be useful to other people, then you may want to make sure that you include this information in your essay. However, if you do not have anything to back up your claims, then you may want to consider hiring a writer to write your research paper for you.If you think that your research paper will be your major to pic of the essay, then you should be able to make a statement that you know something about. Try to take a minute and consider what you might say in your research paper. It's important that you write about your experience and knowledge so that you won't have any trouble with your writing.Writing a college essay can be difficult, but it doesn't have to be a difficult task. With that being said, you may want to ask the assistance of a professional writer. A writer can help you get over the learning curve and help you through the entire process.The idea behind the writing of your essay is to get across the information that you think is important to the reader. Many people tend to write essays to make it easier for them to get their point across. If you want to be successful with your essay, then you should consider asking the help of a writing service. There are some people who know how to write an essay, but cannot write an essay well. Therefore, it is important that you ask for the a ssistance of an essay writing service. An essay writing service is a service that is capable of writing an essay for you on a variety of topics.If you're struggling with the final paragraph, then you may want to consider seeking the help of a college writing service. These writers will be able to tell you which words to use in your final paragraph. You'll be able to get an idea of how the last paragraph should look.Remember that the final paragraph of your essay is the hardest part of writing the entire paper. In order to make your final paragraph a success, you should know how to write the essay. However, if you want to avoid having to rewrite the essay because you have a horrible final paragraph, then you may want to consider the help of a writing service. If you want to learn more about how to write your essay, then you should consider using the services of a professional writing service.

Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating

Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Binge eatingâ€"or bingeingâ€"is defined as eating a large volume of food at one time and feeling as if you have no control over the amount of food you consume. Binge eating disorder is often diagnosed when bingeing occurs at least once a week for three months.?? Many people regard binge eating as a relatively benign eating disorder, especially in comparison to the severe food restriction of anorexia or purging seen with bulimia. And some even believe that isolated episodes of binge eating arent harmful. But these assumptions arent necessarily true. Among other health concerns, a rare consequence of bingeing can be acute massive gastric dilatation, a condition that causes extreme distention of the stomach. If not quickly managed, the condition can result in death. Its important to understand this condition to fully grasp the impact of disordered eating like bingeing. The Differences Between Binge Eating and Overeating Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Defined To understand acute massive gastric dilatation, it may be helpful to define key terms related to the condition: Gastric dilatation means enlargement or ballooning of the stomachIschemia means lack of blood flowNecrosis means death of, as in the death of cellsPerforation means tear, generally in body tissues Sometimes, the stomach may become so large that it occupies an area of the abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis and from the left side of the body to the right side of the body. Acute massive gastric dilatation occurs when there is extreme distention or enlargement of the stomach. While the condition is rare, it is encountered in several different scenarios. It can be a postoperative complication after abdominal surgery and it is sometimes seen in patients with disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, psychogenic polyphagia (extreme desire to eat), or trauma. The condition is dangerous because it can cause ischemia, necrosis, and perforation of the stomach. In most cases of acute massive gastric dilatation, surgery has been necessary to prevent or to treat the complications. Early diagnosis with prompt gastric decompression may avoid unnecessary surgery.?? Case Examples Though there is limited literature available, the case examples below illustrate the unexpected severity of acute massive gastric dilatation. In these examples, an episode of binge eating went wrong and triggered an urgent need for medical attention. Anorexia Nervosa A published case history provides details of a person with a history of anorexia nervosa.?? Study authors describe a 26-year-old female who came to the emergency department of Massachusetts General Hospital with symptoms that included abdominal pain and nausea. She had been unable to vomit for two hours. Her weight was in the low-normal BMI range and she was described as thin.   At first, she reported no significant abnormal eating preceding the onset of her pain. But she eventually disclosed a past history of anorexia nervosa, including bingeing and purging, which had occurred in her teens. She said she had gone four years without bingeing but then went on a one-hour binge preceding this presentation brought on by alcohol intoxication and stress. Medical intervention revealed that her gastric content included approximately two gallons of partially digested food. She was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with some necrosis â€" which can be fatal if not accurately and quickly diagnosed and treated. Stomach contents were surgically removed. The woman remained in the hospital for five days and had to maintain a liquid diet even after she was discharged. Eventually, she resumed a typical diet and has since reported no problems. However, if she had not come to the ER on the night of her binge eating episode, her outcome may have been dire. Study authors noted in their report that early surgical intervention is critical in preventing fatal complications.?? Bingeing and Excessive Exercise Another case report describes a 28-year-old female who came to the emergency room with sudden abdominal discomfort and pain. The cause of symptoms was not reported at the time of admission. Her weight was in the normal to low-normal BMI range. The woman was suffering from a massive dilatation of her stomach. She was admitted to the hospital and placed in intensive care. Medical evaluation revealed large amounts of undigested food that needed to be surgically removed. The patient eventually disclosed a history of an eating disorder since childhood. Binge episodes were often followed by compensatory behaviors including food restriction and excessive exercise. At the time of hospital admission, she had been experiencing daily binges (with purging) triggered by work stress. The woman was discharged 13 days after she first arrived at the hospital. She continued with psychiatric treatment that was initiated in the hospital. Authors of the report note that under similar conditions some patients do not recover and unfortunately pass away. They confirm the severity of this condition as well as the importance of adequate diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention.?? No Eating Disorder In 2016, medical experts published a report of a 17-year-old male with no history of an eating disorder.?? The young man came to the hospital with pain and distension in the abdomen area and a period of retching without vomiting. He had reportedly fasted about 24-hours for religious purposes. Then, he had a binge-like dinner on the night before he ended up in emergency medical treatment the following night. He was described as a “healthy boy” other than the abdominal issues. But he was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with ischemia and necrosis of the stomach wall. Medical intervention was required to remove about five liters of free fluid and undigested food in the abdominal cavity. This episode could have lead to death if the patient had not received a timely medical intervention. The case study authors note that the condition can occur even in those with no diagnosis of an eating disorder.?? These cases are just a few that have been reported in the medical literature. But they are good examples of why binge-eating is dangerous â€" even when just a single episode is involved. They are also important reminders that medical intervention is key for proper management, and in some cases, for survival. Causes and Risk Factors More research is needed to clarify the risks and causes of acute gastric dilatation. A person of any weight may be susceptible to acute massive gastric dilatation. Though there are some factors that may increase your risk of experiencing the condition. As indicated, binge eating puts you at risk. A higher chance of occurrence has been reported for those who currently have or have a history of an eating disorder versus those who don’t have that history. People who binge should be cautious of fasting and binge eating patterns accompanied by abdominal pain. Warning Signs of Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Key symptoms to watch for include:NauseaVomitingAn inability to vomitBloating/distension in the abdomen areaSudden onset of abdominal pain If you notice any of these symptoms, immediate medical attention and treatment can be critical. If massive gastric dilatation is suspected, surgery may be required to avoid more severe complications including necrosis, perforation, shock, and death. Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders A Word From Verywell Its not uncommon to have occasional episodes where you eat a little more than you had expected. Sometimes, it may lead to slight discomfort. But binge eating â€" an episode where overeating gets out of control â€" is different and can be serious. There can be sudden and severe consequences of bingeing. If you are someone who binges or if you have a loved one who binges, take steps to get help. You may help save a life by knowing about this rare but potentially deadly condition. Fortunately, successful treatments for binge eating disorder are available. Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder

Personal Experience Persuave Communication - 1063 Words

Coming into Persuasive Communication, I didn’t really know what to expect. A couple of my roommates and friends had taken and recommended the course, and I needed a second year writing GEC, so I decided to enroll in persuasive communication. My original opinion of persuasive communication was a very basic one; convincing someone to do something or to feel a certain way. However, as we progressed through the course, I realized that there was a lot more to persuasive communication than just having valid points, the way you present those points are often what determine whether or not you are successful in persuading. When coming up with a strategy to make your persuasion successful, there are numerous factors that can either help or hinder your success. One of the main factors is the audience. Factors such as the audiences’ gender, level of self-monitoring, and level of intimacy can make or break your persuasive message. This is where communication analysis is necessary. Taking the time to research, study, and learn about the audience is almost as important as the time spent on creating the actual presentation. Different types of audiences have different feelings and beliefs, and if you are not aware of those beliefs, you could easily offend some people, making them very unlikely to do whatever it is that you are trying to convince them to do. The importance of knowing and understanding the audience was definitely one of the main things I have taken from this course. When it

Case Analysis Crisis Counseling - 2024 Words

To be honest, I have had no formal training in counseling. In fact, because of an unproductive experience in a psychology class in college, I have not been looking forward to attending class. I was content with just using common sense, and personal experiences to assist parishioners in coping with specific situations affecting their lives. I knew God had prepared me for my job as pastor, but when I read Webb’s book, â€Å"Crisis Counseling in the Congregation†, I realized that this book would prove useful in facilitating me in becoming a better counselor. When I was assigned to Rivers Chapel as a pastor, I used strategies I had learned, in the classroom, and on my previous jobs in counseling, which were common sense and life experiences. But now, after reading â€Å"Crisis Counseling in the Congregation†, I can perceive where common sense and personal experience would have been more productive if I had had a better understanding of the techniques Webb introd uced in his basis toolbox. After reading Webb’s book, I know I can be a better counselor for my parishioners, their families, and my own family. Webb’s three categories of the tools in his â€Å"The Basic Toolbox† were knowledge, skills and attitudes. As I read this chapter, I could reflect on my common sense and life experiences connecting with these three categories. My actions in this section mirrored those techniques used in my first counseling session. The first counseling session I conducted as a pastor was with a coupleShow MoreRelatedNeeds Assessment Paper1214 Words   |  5 PagesFour Feathers Counseling LLC. Four Feathers Counseling was established on November 2, 2008 by Teresita Tirona LPC and Bruce Hatch MFT. Four Feathers Counseling is currently responsible for providing therapeutic needs for provider agencies such as Colorado Division of Youth Corrections, Colorado Department of Human Services (El Paso, Teller, Pueblo, Arapaho, Denver and Douglas Counties) and some insurance agencies such as Tri Care, Medicaid and Value Options. Four Feathers Counseling also receivesRead MoreChristian: Crisis T rauma Essays1238 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ashley Meadows Essay Question: Response Liberty University – CRIS 605 Crisis counseling is an aspect of crisis resolution in which emphasis is placed on the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral consequences within a particular crisis. Psychotherapy is a tool that uses a helping process in order to change a person’s feelings as well as patterns of thought and behaviors. This can take place over short, brief periods or long term if determined is necessaryRead MoreClient and Counselor Safety for Mental Health Counselors Essays925 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnosis. It is also favorable to say that mental health counselors wear many hats when working with their clients who can experience different crisis on a day to day basis. When mental health counselors work with various clients during their career, they need to practice confidentiality and privacy when conducting one-on-one, group, or any type of counseling services. Like any medical patient, mental health clinicians need to treat their clients with dignity and respect. It is extremely importantRead MoreLegal And Ethical Practices Of Adolescent Counseling1252 Words   |  6 PagesLegal and Ethical Practices in Adolescent Counseling As a 15-yearold â€Å"at risk† adolescent, Manual recently reported feeling extreme depression and admitted that he no longer cared about living. In order to provide useful counseling support to Manuel, J. McWhirter, B. McWhirter, E. McWhirter, and R. McWhirter (2013) provide a list of legal and ethical considerations that serve as a guidelines during interventions. These suggestions include counselors’ documenting the incident and any interventionRead MoreBridgestone1363 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease profit are: Decrease employee salary expenses Decrease discretionary fixed costs Increase and maintain the level of service volume Reduce variable costs Increase service rates Setup off-campus programs 4. A useful component of CVP analysis is the margin of safety for service revenue that can be calculated as a dollar amount or as a percentage. What is Bridgestone’s projected margin of safety for next year? Interpret your answer in terms of what it means to Dr. Russell. Margin of safetyRead MoreSyllabus Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategically maneuver their firms through uncertainty to better prospects in the market place. You will be encouraged to integrate insights learned in your business curriculum in understanding the firm as an entity. You will, through the readings, analysis, group activities and discussions in class develop your ability to think strategically. Learning Assurance Process: The learning assurance process is an SBA initiative to continuously assess and improve the quality of the SBA’s undergraduate andRead MoreFamily Group Conferencing As A Method Of Intervention Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagesof their child and also discuss the best way of supporting their family. The people closely work together in order to help find the victims the best decision for their problem. This consists of four stages, which are 1. Referral – where the case of the family is presented to the concerned officials. The officials then assign a member of an agency or a social worker. 2. Preparation – The worker then meets with the family members and understands their problems and situations and thenRead MoreIntervention Studies on Forgiveness Journal Article 1 Essay example1190 Words   |  5 PagesLiberty University Summary In the journal article titled â€Å"Intervention Studies on Forgiveness† by Thomas W. Baskin and Robert D. Enright is a meta-analysis study on interventions that are conducted to determine if the interventions that are being utilized are effective when it comes to forgiveness. In the early case studies it was â€Å"suggested that forgiveness might be helpful for people who have experienced deep emotional pain† (Baskin Enright, 2004, p. 79). A forgiveness interventionRead MoreNursing Care for the Terminal Breast Cancer Patient Community1470 Words   |  6 Pagesuniqueness of the patient and his experience maybe for the first time. She allays their sorrow by sharing it while providing the details of care. B. Strategies for the Quality of Life of Mr. and Mrs. Smith One is active grief and bereavement counseling for the couple (Manghrani Kapadia, 2006). Another is strengthening of hospice and palliative care. And a third is helping Mrs. Smith fulfill her last wishes. The first strategy prepares the couple for Mrs. Smiths death so that they may learnRead MoreAnalysis of Business Specialties1082 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Business Specialties Team Achieve identified three different potential types of consulting firms in our first meeting. We have since decided on the strategic model of consultancy. The new strategic consultancy firm will be named Achieve after the team. As a strategic firm Achieve will have the benefit of founding members with varied professional backgrounds. The drawback to the strategic format without a specialty niche is the need for continual refocus of team efforts to ensure

Subliminal Messaging Free Essays

My first reaction to this assignment was if I actually believed in subliminal messages myself. I decided I didn’t but after I did further research, I was shocked. I watched you-tube videos and looked at pictures online of advertising. We will write a custom essay sample on Subliminal Messaging or any similar topic only for you Order Now The biggest shock I found was in the Disney movies. After replaying certain scenes in movies I witnessed subliminal messaging first hand. Most of the messages were sexual references and I was actually quite disturbed by it. For example, in a scene of â€Å"The Little Mermaid†, as Arial was walking up to the podium with her husband to be the priest got an erection. You can clearly see it happening. I never noticed it before until I started doing research on subliminal messaging. I did further research on other Disney animated movies and I found that there were a lot more ‘sexual’ subliminal messages in the movies and advertising that you don’t notice unless you are actually paying attention. Which brings me to my next point, Dr. Brahrami states â€Å"If the brain is busy it can filter our subliminal things. The brains response to subliminal messages is not automatic and depends on how much attention the person is paying†. And that’s when I decided I completely agree. I think since I was actually paying attention and watching out for subliminal messages, I could see them. Most of the time when I’m watching movies I don’t see the sexual, demon or drug related messages companies are putting in their movies and advertising. Which leads me to my question, why would a company based on children put sexual things in a movie made for kids?! Well, then I started to think it was a coincidence to I did more research and found out there was a huge debate during this time when the Arial scene with the priest came out. What I found was that it was the priest’s knee. So for my conclusion of this paper, I think you interpret what you want to see. If your brain is actually searching for these messages, your brain will see what it wants to see. How to cite Subliminal Messaging, Papers

Re informal Notice pursuant to LA R.S. 49961 Essays - Nursing

Re: informal Notice pursuant to LA R.S. 49:961 I am writing to explain the above incident that occurred between Feb 17th and 18th, 2015. I have just relocated from Mobile Alabama where I worked as a registered Nurse at Springhill Medical Center for a period of one year after graduation from college. I got a new job as a registered nurse at Tulane Medical Center on Dec 2nd, 2014 and I was given a letter to take to the Louisiana Board of Nursing to apply for the 90 days temporary permit, till I get the permanent license endorsed, because I already have a valid license from Alabama State Board of Nursing. On December, 2014 I went to the Board of Nursing in Baton Rouge to apply for the temporary license and as part of the requirement, I was required to submit the following: a verification of licensure form from Alabama Board of Nursing, a verification of employment from employer and a Nursing Data/Verification form from the College of Nursing (University of North Alabama). I contacted the various department and was assured that the various verification forms has been sent to the Board of Nursing in Baton Rouge. Three week later, I contacted the Board of Nursing Baton Rouge to verify the status of my license and was told that they received all the documents except the Nursing Data/Verification form from University of North Alabama and soon as they have it, my license will be endorsed. I immediately contacted the Nursing Department at University of North Alabama questioning the reason why they haven't sent out the verification form, since it has been three weeks I requested they send the information to the Louisiana Board of Nursing and they responded that they were having some technical difficulties and promised to mail out the form in two to three business days. In addition, I called the Louisiana Board of Nursing to inform them to be on the lookout for my verification form from my school(UNA) and they assured me that soon as they receive the form from my school, my license will automatically be endorsed. I continue working with the believe that everything has been resolved, and to my greatest surprise, I received a call from my Nursing Manager after my daily shift on Feb. 17th, 2015. saying, "that my temporary license has expired at midnight of the 18th Feb. and I can't work continue to work till I get reinstated. Again, I called the Board of Nursing Baton Rouge and was told that, "they are yet to receive the Nursing Data/Verification form from my school (UNA). Then, I contacted the college of Nursing at University of North Alabama and demanded to speak to a higher authority because, I was beginning to feel like they were playing games with me. finally. I got transferred to a different person and I explained my situation to her and even told her that my job is at risk. she then assured me that my verification form will be sent out immediately and she's sorry for whatever inconvenience. then the next day, I contacted the board of Nursing Baton Rouge again only for them to tell me that my license has been endorsed. I am honestly not very happy with the role the college of Nursing at University of North Alabama played in all this and I sincerely apologize for whatever inconvenience that this might have caused. I never deliberately intended to go contrary to the laws of the Louisiana State Board of Nursing, I am a very hard working and dedicated Nurse and I have no civil or criminal charges since I became a Registered Nurse and I ask respectfully, that you temper justice with mercy, as that will enable me to move forward in my endeavors to succeed in this field. Sincerely, Jane Elenwa (RN)

Definition and Examples of Accent Prejudice or Accentism

Definition and Examples of Accent Prejudice or Accentism Accent prejudice is the perception that certain accents are inferior to others. Also called accentism. In the book Language and Region (2006), Joan Beal notes that there are quite a few linguists who favour legislation along the lines of banning discrimination against what they call accentism. However, it is not something that employers appear to take seriously. Examples and Observations What causes a particular way of speaking to be perceived as superior is the fact that it is used by the powerful.(Suzanne Romaine,  Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2000) Just as errors, both of grammar and of word choice, are condemned as simply wrong by those who wish to uphold standards, so some accents of English (e.g. Birmingham, Broad Australian) are stigmatised as ugly and uneducated. There are, of course, no intrinsic grounds for such stigmatising, any more than there are for racial prejudice. Those who see accent prejudice as solely a language problem are inclined to wax indignant, to maintain that all accents are equal (forgetting perhaps the continuation of the Animal Farm motto: but some are more equal than others). For them, therefore, there is no problem: society has the duty to behave differently and overcome its prejudices. The applied linguist, however, is likely to recognise that it is indeed a problem and that it extends beyond language, reflecting social and political (and possibly ethnic) values.(Alan Davies, An Introduction to Applied Linguistics: From Practice to Theory, 2nd ed. Edinburgh University Press, 2007) Only very rarely are foreigners or first-generation immigrants allowed to be nice people in American films. Those with an accent are bad guys.(Max von Sydow) Accentism in the American South I used to say that whenever people heard my Southern accent, they always wanted to deduct 100 IQ points.(Jeff Foxworthy)The federal Department of Energy has dropped plans to give employees at a Tennessee laboratory Southern Accent Reduction lessons after complaints that the class was offensive. The lessons would have taught workers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory how to speak with a more neutral American accent so they could be remembered for what you say and not how you say it.(The Week, August 8, 2014) Accentism in Contemporary Britain Do accents still matter? Last week Dr Alexander Baratta from the University of Manchester spoke of accentism, where people are discriminated against because of how they speak, and likened it to racism. In a study, he asked people why they changed their accents and how it made them feel. A third of those questioned said they were ashamed about flattening out their accents. But what was the alternative? We all want to get ahead; for the most part, the best way to do that is to fit in. Still, there is a price, the professor says. Facing the world with a voice that is not your own can undermine your sense of being.(Hugh Muir, Do Accents Matter in Modern Britain? The Guardian, July 14, 2014)Received Pronunciation (RP: traditionally the highest-status variety in England) is sometimes stigmatized. Its speakers may be perceived as posh or snobbish . . . and their accents as reflective of an elitist discoursal stance. Young people in particular, it is suggested, are now likely to repudiate at titudes that sustained accent prejudice.(John Edwards, Language Diversity in the Classroom. Multilingual Matters, 2010)The English are the most famously accent-conscious. Do what you willgo to three different posh schools, have a duchess for a mother, get yourself educated at Cambridge, move to Londonan expert will still be able to place you within a five-mile radius (the northern side of Cricklade, Id say) after a couple of sentences. Southerners still think Mancunians sound aggressive, Scotsmen disapproving, Liverpudlians thick, and the Welsh, Welsh.But it is changing. Just as languages are dying away at one a fortnight, so accents are smoothing, eliding, moving slowly towards the norm.(Michael Bywater, Lost Worlds. Granta Books, 2004) BBC Radio PresenterWilfred Pickles in Praise of Accent Diversity (1949) While I have the greatest respect for the many achievements of the B.B.C., I believe they are guilty of trying to teach Great Britain to talk standard English. How terrible it is to think that we may some day lose that lovely soft Devonshire accent or the bluff and very wonderful Scots brogue or the amusing flatness and forthrightness of the North-countrymans speech, or the music of the Welsh voice. May it be forbidden that we should ever speak like B.B.C. announcers, for our rich contrast of voices is a vocal tapestry of great beauty and incalculable value.  Our dialects are reminders of the permanence  of things in these islands of ours, where folks talk differently in places only five miles apart, a phenomenon that has its roots in the times when it took many days to ride from London to York by stage coach.(Wilfred Pickles in  Between You And Me. The Autobiography Of Wilfred Pickles, quoted by David Crystal in You Say Potato: A Book About Accents. Macmillan, 2014)

Biography of Victoria Woodhull, Womens Rights Activist

Biography of Victoria Woodhull, Women's Rights Activist Victoria Woodhull (born Victoria Claflin; September 23, 1838–June 9, 1927) was a womens rights activist, stockbroker, and newspaper editor. She ran for president of the United States in 1872. Woodhull was also involved in the spiritualist movement, and for a time she made her living as a healer. Fast Facts: Victoria Woodhull Known For:  Candidacy for U.S. President; radicalism as a womens suffrage activist; role in a sex scandal involving Henry Ward BeecherAlso Known As:  Victoria California Claflin, Victoria Woodhull Martin, Wicked Woodhull, Mrs. SatanBorn:  September 23, 1838 in Homer, OhioParents: Roxanna Claflin and Reuben Buck ClaflinDied:  June 9, 1927 in Bredon’s Norton,  Worcestershire, EnglandSpouse(s): Canning Woodhull, Colonel James Harvey Blood, John Biddulph MartinChildren: Byron Woodhull, Zulu (later Zula), Maude WoodhullNotable Quote: Of all the horrid brutalities of our age, I know of none so horrid as those that are sanctioned and defended by marriage. Early Life Victoria Claflin was born into the poor and eccentric family of Roxanna and Reuben Buck Claflin as the seventh of 10 children on September 23, 1838. Her mother often attended religious revivals and believed herself to be clairvoyant. The family traveled around selling patent medicines and telling fortunes, with the father styling himself Dr. R. B. Claflin, American King of Cancers. Victoria spent her childhood with this medicine show, often paired with her younger sister Tennessee in performing and telling fortunes. First Marriage Victoria met Canning Woodhull when she was 15 and they soon married. Canning also styled himself as a physician, at a time when licensing requirements were non-existent or loose. Canning Woodhull, like Victorias father, sold patent medicines. They had a son Byron, who was born with serious intellectual disabilities, which Victoria blamed on her husbands drinking. Victoria moved to San Francisco and worked as an actress and cigar girl. She later rejoined her husband in New York City, where the rest of the Claflin family was living, and Victoria and her sister Tennessee began practicing as mediums. In 1864, the Woodhulls and Tennessee moved to Cincinnati, then to Chicago, and then began traveling, keeping ahead of complaints and legal proceedings. Victoria and Canning later had a second child, a daughter Zulu (later known as Zula). Over time, Victoria grew less tolerant of her husbands drinking, womanizing, and occasional beatings. They divorced in 1864, with Victoria keeping her ex-husbands surname. Spiritualism and Free Love Likely during her troubled first marriage, Victoria Woodhull became an advocate of free love, the idea that a person has the right to stay with a person as long as they choose, and that they can choose another (monogamous) relationship when they want to move on. She met Colonel James Harvey Blood, also a spiritualist and an advocate of free love. They are said to have married in 1866, though there are no records of this marriage. Victoria Woodhull, Captain Blood, Victorias sister Tennessee, and their mother eventually moved to New York City. In New York City, Victoria established a popular salon where many of the citys intellectual elite gathered. There she became acquainted with Stephen Pearl Andrews, an advocate of free love, spiritualism, and womens rights. Congressman Benjamin F. Butler was another acquaintance and advocate of womens rights and free love. Through her salon, Victoria became increasingly interested in womens rights and suffrage. Womens Suffrage Movement In January 1871, the National Woman Suffrage Association met in Washington, D.C. On January 11, Victoria Woodhull arranged to testify before the House Judiciary Committee on the topic of womens suffrage, and the NWSA convention was postponed a day so that those attending could see Woodhull testifying. Her speech was written with Rep. Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts and made the case that women already had the right to vote based on the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The NWSA leadership then invited Woodhull to address their gathering. The leadership of the NWSA- which included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Isabella Beecher Hooker- was so taken with the speech that they began promoting Woodhull as an advocate and speaker for womens suffrage. Theodore Tilton was a supporter and officer of the NWSA and also a close friend of one of Woodhulls critics, Reverend Henry Ward Beecher. Elizabeth Cady Stanton told Victoria Woodhull confidentially that Tiltons wife Elizabeth had been involved in an affair with the Reverend Beecher. When Beecher refused to introduce Woodhull at a November 1871 lecture at Steinway Halls, she visited him privately and reportedly confronted him about his affair. Still, he refused to do the honors at her lecture. In her speech the next day, she referred indirectly to the affair as an example of sexual hypocrisy and double standards. Because of the scandal this caused, Woodhull lost a significant amount of business, though her lectures were still in demand. She and her family had trouble paying their bills,  however, and were eventually evicted from their home. Presidential Candidacy In May 1872, a breakaway group from the NWSA- the National Radical Reformers- nominated Woodhull as a candidate for U.S. president of the Equal Rights Party. They nominated Frederick Douglass, a newspaper editor, former slave, and abolitionist, as vice president. Theres no record that Douglass accepted the nomination. Susan B. Anthony opposed the nomination of Woodhull, while Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Isabella Beecher Hooker supported her run for the presidency. Beecher Scandal Woodhull continued to have significant financial problems, even suspending her journal for a few months. Perhaps responding to continued denunciations of her moral character, on November 2, just before Election Day, Woodhull revealed specifics of the Beecher/Tilton affair in a speech and published an account of the affair in the resumed Weekly. She also published a story about a stockbroker, Luther Challis, and his seduction of young women. Her target was not the morality of the sexual affairs, but the hypocrisy that permitted powerful men to be sexually free while women were denied such freedom. The reaction to the public revelation of the Beecher/Tilton affair was a great public outcry. Woodhull was arrested under the Comstock Law for distribution of obscene material through the mail and charged with libel. In the meantime, the presidential election was held, and Woodhull received no official votes. (Some scattered votes for her were likely not reported.) In 1877, after the scandal had subsided, Tennessee, Victoria, and their mother moved to England, where they lived comfortably. Life in England In England, Woodhull met wealthy banker John Biddulph Martin, who proposed to her. They did not marry until 1882, apparently because of his familys opposition to the match, and she worked to distance herself from her former radical ideas on sex and love. Woodhull used her new married name, Victoria Woodhull Martin, in her writings and public appearances after her marriage. Tennessee married Lord Francis Cook in 1885. Victoria published Stirpiculture, or the Scientific Propagation of the Human Race in 1888; with Tennessee, The Human Body, the Temple of God in 1890; and in 1892, Humanitarian Money: The Unsolved Riddle. Woodhull traveled to the United States occasionally and was nominated in 1892 as the presidential candidate of the Humanitarian Party. England remained her primary residence. In 1895, she returned to publishing with a new paper, The Humanitarian, which advocated eugenics. In this venture, she worked with her daughter Zulu Maude Woodhull. Woodhull also founded a school and an agricultural show and became involved in a number of humanitarian causes. John Martin died in March 1897, and Victoria did not remarry. Death In her later years, Woodhull became involved in the womens suffrage campaigns led by the Pankhursts. She died on June 9, 1927, in England. Legacy Though she was considered controversial in her time, Woodhull has come to be widely admired for her trailblazing efforts to secure rights for women. Two womens rights organizations- the Woodhull Insititute for Ethical Leadership and the Woodhull Sexual Freedom Alliance- were named in her honor, and in 2001 Woodhull was added to the National Womens Hall of Fame. Sources Gabriel, Mary.  Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1998.Goldsmith, Barbara.  Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. Granta, 1998.Underhill, Lois Beachy.  The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull. Penguin, 1996.

Divorce who values marriage In the 21st Century Essay

Divorce who values marriage In the 21st Century - Essay Example Ignorance is presented by lack of sufficient information on the expectations of the institution of marriage as well as unrealistic expectations that most couples have before they enter into marriage. All these factors are bound to create dissatisfaction within the marriage leading to divorce as a means to freedom and self-sufficiency (Anne-Marie, 2014). Cases of divorce have been on the rise in the current generation resulting to a number of concerns on the sustainability of the institution of marriage in the present century. Cultural factors is regarded as one of the main causes of divorce presently. This is evident by the increased cases of secularization trends, liberalization of norms regarding individual choice as well as less religious influence on marriage. Marriage has indeed become a personal choice rather than a covenant before God that binds individuals for the rest of their lives. As a result of the emerging sociocultural trends in the world, divorce laws have increasingly been liberalized making it easy for couples to file for divorce. This has made divorce to be socially accepted due to loss of stigma that was initially attached to it and increased opinion that it is the easiest solution to marital problems (Booth, 1999). Increased rise in individualism has led to a lot of emphasis being laid on rights as opposed to duties leading to people viewing the institution of marriage as lacking mutual responsibilities. Individualism that is marked by an ideology of self-gratification has greatly affected marriages as people seek divorce in search of happiness, companionship and fulfillment. Lack of tolerance within marriages as is the case in the United States and other Western nations does not offer room for solving marital problems as they emerge. Divorce can also be traced to demographic factors such as the age at which people get married. Past studies have indicated that youthful marriages are more prone to divorce than those who

Sushi Digesting Genes Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sushi Digesting Genes Review - Article Example According to Ed Yong, microbes in their hundreds of trillion are found in Japanese bowels. He makes further findings that the cells are more than what humans have to the ratio of ten to one. Comparing ‘gut microbiome’ to an organ that aides the human body to breakdown molecules that the digestive system may not otherwise digest on its own. There is an observation that the molecules which are of carbohydrate nature are indigestible. He further comments that by consuming carbohydrates found in seaweeds and algae will help the digestive system to perform as they are rich in sulphur.Comparing the ability in the digestive tract to change genes, Ed Yong concedes that genes are not limited to the inheritance lineage. The human body has the capacity to change genes through transferring the horizontal gene. This involves to a large extent the genes kingdom that can be lent out to the preferred donor who receives Zobellia Galactanirorans a seagoing bacterium. In the Japanese cuisi ne, Nori which plays host to Zobellia is a common ingredient used in sushi wrapping and dish garnishing. The observation here is that upon consumption of the sushi, marine bacteria and algae are swallowed and become resident in the gut of the human body. The digestive system is tasked through genes to tackle the marine meals carbohydrates as well as the algae. There is an observation made that energy from an extra source prevails for the gut bacteria to break down the carbohydrates though there are some genetic remnants.

The Deposition From the Cross : Art Analysis

The Deposition From the Cross : Art Analysis The Deposition from the Cross The Deposition from the Cross is a Jacopo Pontormos oil on wood painting which placed at the Capponi Chapel altar in the Santa Felicitac church in Florence. The Deposition is one of the classical prospects that portray the life of Jesus in the medieval art. And as a result of the convolutions of the composition, it is one in which Renaissance artists had a constant curiosity to draw such as Raphael and Caravaggio and more others. So one of my big interests of this painting is the story lay behind the deposition from the cross itself and why it became an important subject for Pontormo and the others. Moreover the disposition figures, with it are piercingly replicated appearances, vivid and ruthless colors are merged in a bleak and firmed space which opens a big issue for me of the description of this painting. In this report I will also focus on the differences of the faces of the grieving throngs and the figure of Madonna. Also, I will talk about the myth that attached with this pain ting that Pontormo had a drawn a self-portrait in the painting as Joseph of Arimathea. The Deposition from the Cross is the surviving masterpiece painting done by Jacopo Pontorm and done around 1525-1528, It is an oil in wood and the size of the painting is 313 X 192 cm and the location of this painting is in Capponi Chapel in Santa Felicita di Firenze church in Florence [1]. This painting shows a landscape at night with about 11 figures. The figures make a replicated sharp form that make most of them look the same. The most capturing figure is a man that is hold up by 2 other figure. The man that holds up is half nude with only a small piece of olive color cloth covering his privies. The mans hair is little long and orange and with also an orange bear. One of the two figures that holding the nude man is man whos holding the legs. The man has a strange pinky colored back skin that it looks like a sun burn but not for sure. Another figure which is hard to distinguish if is it is a man or a woman whos holding the upper part of the nude man. Although the two figures are carrying the mass of a mature man, they hardly appear to touch the land under them. The other figures look almost the same and the spaces between them are really small. All the figures rest 9 figures are appear to be women and all of them are almost wearing the same style of cloth except the bearded figure at the far right in the background of the picture. These figures seem to be a little different from the rest 10 figures since it looks out of the picture and look as if it added later to the painting. The landscape of the painting is very limited with only one shade cloud and a dark ground with a wrinkled olive colored sheet. The figurs looks like if they mournering some one. The Deposition from the Cross, is considered by many art historian to be Pontormos existing masterpiece. The Deposition generates a scene of whirlling group who moving with a sensitively emotional feeling while the Jesuss body is carryed down from the cross and presented to his mother Mary. Even though that normally The Deposition from the Cross is desciping Juses been lowered down from the cross but the unpresent of the actual cross in the painting, make many historian to matter the subject of this picture and concider it as doubtful type of paint. Also the two boys that holding juses have infered in the past as two Angles whose helping the Christ in his crossing to Heaven. So the presnt of the two angle and the lack of the cross create an presumption for some historian to consider the scene to be more accurately be called a Lamentation which decribe those who are supporting the Christ who appear as distressed as the mourners. However the lack of any visible tomb interrupts that pre sumption, just as the lack of cross creates a dilemma for the Deposition analysis. It has also been distinguished by art historian that the locations of Virgin and her child the Christ appear to replicate Michelangelos famous work the Pietà  , although in phontormo piece in the Deposition shows the mother and son have been split.Therefore this painting cosider to be really contovershial since it carries an essentials of a Lamentation and Entombment and also the Pietà  [1]. On the other side Legend has it that Pontormo had set himself in self-portrait as Joseph of Arimathea at the upper right of the image The figure does not appear in a elementary drawing of the altarpiece realized for relocate, suggesting that Pontormo may have decided to squeeze it during the finishing of the painting. Unlike of the other, much freer and more summary beginning sketches he made for the altarpieces, this drawing is highly finished, with a subtle rendreing of the highlights of the face demonstrating that Pontormo was thinking about its tonallity for the painting. His focus here on internal emotion suggested through facial expression contrasts with the much more lively vision of himself that he made during his rest at Galluzo [3]. The figures, with their sharply modeled forms and brilliant colors are united in an enormously complex, swirling ovular composition, housed by a shallow, somewhat flattened space. The Deposition from the Cross, or Descent, is the scene, as depicted in art, from the Gospel account of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus taking Christ down from the cross after his crucifixion (John 19:38-42). In Byzantine art the topic became popular in the 9th century, and in the West from the 10th century. The Descent from the Cross is the 13th Station of the Cross. Other figures not mentioned in the Gospels who are often included in depictions of this subject include St. John the Evangelist, who is sometimes depicted supporting a fainting Mary (as in the work below by Van der Weyden), and Mary Magdalene. The Gospels mention an undefined number of women as watching the crucifixion, including the Three Marys, (Mary Salome being mentioned in Mark (Mark 15:40), and also that the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene saw the burial (Mark 15:47). These and further women and unnamed male helpers are often shown. The scene was usually included in medieval cycles of the Life or the Passion of C hrist, between the Crucifixion and the Entombment of Christ. Even in early depictions the details and posing of the composition, and especially the position of Christs body, are varied. The Pieta or Lamentation, showing the body of Christ held by Mary, may intervene between these two, and is common as an individual image, especially in sculpture. The Bearing of the body, showing Christs body being carried to his tomb, and the Anointing of Christs body, showing the body laid flat on the top of the tomb or a similarly-shaped anointing-stone are other scenes that may be shown. This last is especially important in Orthodox art, where it is shown on the Epitaphios. With the Renaissance the subject became popular for altarpieces, partly because of the challenges of the composition, and the suitability of its vertical shape. The Mannerist version of Rosso Fiorentino is usually regarded as his most important work, and Pontormos altarpiece is perhaps his most ambitious work. The subject was painted several times by both Rubens and Rembrandt, who repeated one of his paintings (now Munich) in a large print, his only one to be mainly engraved, as well as making two other etchings of the subject. Pontormo’s in his composition used the mannerist style to show the characteristics of the figure.

Failures: Failure and Entire Network Shutdown

Companies and businesses communicate with one another internally and with customer externally each day using different methods of technology but at the basis of this is the network, which makes it all possible to interact with one another. Companies and businesses have two types of systems they can set up to carry this out. They can design and set up a centralized system or a distributed system. The important factor no matter what the system is they have to be prepared for failures, which may occur in either system and have procedures in place to identify and isolate these failures to prevent an entire network shutdown and implement a solution for their network.Failures can occur at any level of a network and the network admin must be prepared in the wake of these occurrences. There are varying types of centralized systems that businesses can implement.The types of failures that can occur in centralized systems are; network failures, omission failures and halting failures. These type s of failures occur when a process crashes due to communication link failures that are detected during timeouts or in the process of sending messages.These failures typically only occur in the centralized system if it is connected via a general purpose or multi-user network setup.A distributed system simply is a group of â€Å"dummy† devices or computer that are connected to one network of distributed hardware which allows the devices to talk or communicate to one another and share other network assets and resources.This type of network is susceptible to four types of failures once they are set up. A fail stop occurs with some kind of notification to other components. A network file server telling its clients it is about to go down  is a fail-stop. Halting failures occur when a component just simply stops. The only way to detect this type of failure is by a timeout an example of which is when you computer freezes. The device stops responding to requests.A network failure al so can occur when network links break at some part of the process of traffic flow. Finally mission failures occur when there is a fault in the sending and receiving of messages due to lack of buffering space. This can lead to a device such as a router becoming overloading due to discarding of messages without notification to either the sender/receiver.Once these failures have been detected utilizing network research methods the next step in the process is to repair or fix the occurrence. These fixes can range from quick to time consuming, as each failure requires a different set of troubleshooting techniques. The simplest failure to repair is the network line break. The network admin would need to try and reach another device from the broken PC or device by utilizing the ping command to verify if the request was fulfilled which receiving a successful reply back from the device does. If the device fails to respond the admin would check other steps such as changing the network cable, configuration of the IP address or the network interface card.We typically solve the halting failure daily on our personal computer or our work device when it freezes. We typically use the ESC function or the Task Manager in Windows or the â€Å"kill† function in Linux to end an unresponsive process or we restart the device.Although we can’t always predict when a network failure will occur we can be ready to repair it in a timey manner by having diagnostic steps readily available when a failure is detected to prevent network assets being down for long periods of time.

Habits and Traits of the Common Cellar Spider

People often refer to cellar spiders (Family Pholcidae) as daddy longlegs, because most do have long, slender legs. This can create some confusion, however, because daddy longlegs is also used as a nickname for harvestman, and sometimes even for craneflies. Description If you havent guessed already, pholcid spiders often take up residence in basements, sheds, garages, and other similar structures. They construct irregular, stringy webs (another way to differentiate them from harvestman, which doesnt produce silk). Most (but not all) cellar spiders have legs that are disproportionately long for their bodies. The species with shorter legs typically live in leaf litter, and not your basement. They have flexible tarsi. Most (but again, not all) pholcid species have eight eyes; some species have just six. Cellar spiders are usually dull in color, and less than 0.5 inches in body length. The largest known pholcid species in the world, Artema atlanta, is only 11 mm (0.43 mm) long. This species was introduced to North America, and now inhabits a small area of Arizona and California. The long-bodied cellar spider, Pholcus phalangioides, is a very common find in basements throughout the world. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeInfraorder - AraneomorphaeFamily - Pholcidae Diet Cellar spiders prey on insects and other spiders and are particularly fond of eating ants. They are highly sensitive to vibrations and will close in on an unsuspecting arthropod rapidly if it happens to wander into its web. Cellar spiders have also been observed purposely vibrating the webs of other spiders, as a tricky way of luring in a meal. Life Cycle Female cellar spiders wrap their eggs loosely in silk to form a rather flimsy but effective egg sac. The mother pholcid carries the egg sac in her jaws. Like all spiders, the young spiderlings hatch from their eggs looking similar to adults. They molt their skin as they grow into adults. Special Adaptations and Defenses When they feel threatened, cellar spiders will vibrate their webs rapidly, presumably to confuse or deter the predator. Its unclear whether this makes the pholcid more difficult to see or catch, but its a strategy that seems to work for the cellar spider. Some people refer to them as vibrating spiders because of this habit. Cellar spiders are also quick to autotomize (shed) legs to escape predators. Although cellar spiders do have venom, they arent a cause for concern. A common myth about them is that they are highly venomous, but lack fangs long enough to penetrate human skin. This is a total fabrication. Its even been debunked on Mythbusters. Range and Distribution Worldwide, there are nearly 900 species of cellar spiders, with most living in the tropics. Just 34 species live in North America (north of Mexico), and some of these were introduced. Cellar spiders are most often associated with human dwellings, but also inhabit caves, leaf litter, rock piles, and other protected natural environments.

What Is Monetary Policy - 1572 Words

What is Monetary Policy? Monetary policy is a wing of the economic policy that shows availability of money in the economy. Monetary policy can be defined in terms of quantity of money or in form of interest rates. This brings us to the question of what is money? Money represents purchasing power with which an individual can buy any commodity. This implies that there is continuous demand and supply of money in an economy. As learnt in class, national income and interest rates are the two major determinants of aggregate demand for money. On the other hand there are two aspects of money supply. They are broad money, which includes currency and all deposits and narrow money, which includes currency and demand deposits. Keynesian macroeconomics was majorly responsible for introducing the idea of creating demand in an economy using monetary and fiscal policy through government intervention. On the other hand economist Milton Friedman believed in market forces more than government intervention. He thought that monetary policy couldn’t control real variables like unemployment and GDP in the long run. In the recent times central banks play a very important role in controlling the monetary policy. From what I understand there are two types of central banks: (1) Banks like European Central bank (ECB), which focus primarily on price stability and (2) Banks like Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which focus on price stability, employment and output. I have divided this paper into variousShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Monetary Policy? Explain the General Objectives of Monetary Policy.1825 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Monetary policy? Explain the general objectives of monetary policy. 103 days ago  by  Galaxy Edu Planet  0 Q. What is Monetary policy? Explain the general objectives of monetary policy.    Answer:    Monetary Policy Monetary policy is a part overall economic policy of a country. It is employed by the government as an effective tool to promote economic stability and achieve certain predetermined objectives. Meaning and Definition: Monetary Policy deals with the total money supply and its managementRead MoreWhat Is Monetary And Fiscal Policy748 Words   |  3 PagesMonetary and Fiscal Policy Currently, the real GDP increased from the first quarter of the year (2017). But the real GDP is expected to decrease within the next four years. Based on the given data, the rate of increase for real GDP is decreasing from 2.9% to 1.9% by 2020. This is a problem because the higher the percentage increase, the better the economy is in the long run. The unemployment rate is currently 4.1%. Currently, the unemployment rate is in a good position because it is below theRead MoreWhat Are The Impact Of The Unconventional Monetary Policy904 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal funds rate target rapidly to near zero, and engaged in two types of unconventional monetary policies to provide further stimulus: forward guidance about future interest rates and large-scale asset purchase program. These measures were directed toward improving financial conditions and therefore spurring economic activity. However, as the central bank of the world’s largest economy, the Federal Reserve’s pol icy decisions had considerable spillover effect on emerging market economies, which is transmittedRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Loose Monetary Policy Used By Central Banks? Essay1809 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom a run, and because Lloyd’s bank denied them a buyout they had to be nationalized. If the world’s economy was shaken this much, a large number of significant mistakes must have occurred. The most significant of these mistakes was the loose monetary policy used by central banks. An imbalance of international money distribution and a housing bubble of the brink of bursting were the other heavy problems that eventually dragged the economy down. The period leading up to the 2007 recession was calledRead MoreWhat Role Did The Setting Of Monetary Policy Play On Housing Market Developments?1743 Words   |  7 PagesWhat role did the setting of monetary policy play in housing market developments? Monetary policies play can or not play a major role in the housing developments. This all depends on the supporting evidences provided that aligns with the goals of the policy makers. In this scenario monetary policy was not the initial reason for the extraordinary strength in the housing markets. According this case study, a relationship between interest rates and housing activities is not adequate enough to explainRead MoreWhat Other Alternative Monetary Policy Tools Could Decision Makers Have Implemented? Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWhat other alternative monetary policy tools could decision makers have implemented? The Federal Reserve’s three instruments of monetary policy are open market operations, the discount rate and reserve requirements. Open market operations involve the buying and selling of government securities. â€Å"Open market† means that the Fed doesn’t decide on its own which securities it will do business with on a particular day. Rather, the choice emerges from an â€Å"open market† in which the variousRead MoreMonetary and Fiscal Policy Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Monetary policy is the mechanism of a country’s monetary authority (usually the central bank) controlling money in the economy so as to promote economic growth and stability by creating relatively stable prices and low unemployment. A monetary policy mainly deals with the supply of money, availability of money, cost of money and the rate of interest so as to attain a set of objectives aiming towards growth and stability of the economy. Monetary policy is said to be expansionaryRead MoreMonetary Policy And Housing Markets Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: MONETARY POLICY AND HOUSING MARKETS 1 Principles of Finance 1 Murali Yoheswaran University of the People In partial fulfillment of the requirements for BUS 2203 – Section (B) – Principles of Finance Dr. Sali Bakare September 12, 2016 Running head: MONETARY POLICY AND HOUSING MARKETS 2 Abstract The U.S monetary policy and the housing market developments are instruments that rely on each other. Any change on one instrument will have an effect on the other. We saw this with how the U.SRead MoreHow Does Monetary Policy Influence Inflation And Employment?864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand what are the key topics and elements that play a vital role in the functioning of economics. A few of those very important topics are inflation and employment. Both characteristics have a huge part in economics as a whole. The current article that I found regarding these two important parts of economics is the current FAQs article titled â€Å"How does monetary policy influence inflation and employment?† As the title clearly states, this article answers the question of how exactly the monetary policyRead MoreDo Fiscal and Monetary Policy Stimulate the Economy? Essays1467 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment implements and enforces certain policies that apply to specific situations and circumstances. Such policies guide the government into influencing and controlling the direction of activity through borrowing, spending, and taxes. Those policies are called economic policies, which are also implemented to control the total demand for final goods and services in the economy at a given time and price level (aggregate demand). There are two policies that specifically control aggregate demand

Electricity Policy Reform and Responsible Government in...

With many different religious, ethnic, and social groups, the Republic of India is a unique and diverse state. Since gaining independence, India has faced a challenge of encouraging the variegated people within its borders to embrace and celebrate a common Indian identity even while nurturing their distinct cultures and traditions. This diversity is reflected throughout social and political challenges in Indian society. Although the different federal states are given a certain amount of leeway to accommodate for the population’s heterogeneity, the central government maintain a great amount of power for purpose of holding the nation together. As India has developed, one of its focuses†¦show more content†¦In general, however, the Indian government still maintains a great amount of control over the electricity sector. Its centralized control over the sector remains largely intact and is directly accountable by the government to the people, thus indicative of a responsib le government. With an annual population growth of 1.3 percent (United Nations 2013), India’s energy needs are growing, especially in regards to electricity. Because new energy gains require multiples of power use, for the Indian economy to expand, electricity production has to rise more rapidly than total output. Thus far, areas of India remain in the dark: the â€Å"rise of 122 percent in [electric] generation [has been] insufficient for continued expansion† (DeVotta, 138). Still, the electricity sector has grown substantially since independence. Installed capacity in 1950 was 1,713 megawatts; by 2002 it had grown to 104,918 megawatts (Kale 2004). However, per capita annual electricity consumption, which increased from approximately 13 kilowatt-hours in 1951 to 365 kilowatt-hours in 2001, remains low. At the federal level, India’s government has initiated a major policy initiative to make electricity generation and supply commercially viable. As part of the 20 01 Energy Conservation Act, the government outlined an ambitious plan for achieving 100 percent village-level electrification by the end of 2007 and total householdShow MoreRelatedAn Investigative Study About Deregulation ( Restructuring ) Of Indian Power Sector2061 Words   |  9 Pagesby introducing restructuring and deregulation in electrical power sector. Deregulation involves unbundling of different components of power system, availability of components for sale and also forming new set of rules for operation and sales of electricity [1]. An main and important aspect of deregulation is restructuring. Restructuring means unbundling of power system into both horizontal and vertical components. Vertical integrated utilities are mainly broken up into three main components, i.e.Read MorePower Distribution Reforms in India – a Journey from Monopoly Towards Competition.2032 Words   |  9 PagesPower Distribution Reforms in India – A journey from Monopoly towards Competition. Case Objective: Power a basic human need is the critical infrastructure on which modern economic activity is fully dependent. Only 55% households in India have access to Electricity. Most of those who have access do not get uninterrupted reliable supply. In this era of globalization, it is essential that electricity of good qualities is provided at reasonable rates for economic activity so that competitiveness increasesRead MorePower Distribution Reforms in India – a Journey from Monopoly Towards Competition.2020 Words   |  9 PagesPower Distribution Reforms in India – A journey from Monopoly towards Competition. Case Objective: Power a basic human need is the critical infrastructure on which modern economic activity is fully dependent. Only 55% households in India have access to Electricity. Most of those who have access do not get uninterrupted reliable supply. In this era of globalization, it is essential that electricity of good qualities is provided at reasonable rates for economic activity so that competitiveness increasesRead MoreThe Economic Growth Of India Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction India has experienced lopsided growth across its major sectors especially after the reform process have been initiated in the early 1990s. Studies show that if the pre-reform period is compared with the post-reform period, economic growth has definitely picked up in India. Given the structure of the economy and the state of human capital availability reforms have led to the increase in share of the services sector at the expense of industrial and agricultural sectors. On the other handRead MoreIndi The Next Economic Superpower1540 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve India is going to be the next economic superpower because of many different factors but not without change to traditional practices. Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. Macroeconomics simplifies the analysis of how the country’s total production and level of employment are related to attrib utes including national, regional, and global economies. India being theRead MoreHistory of Electricity in Kerala - Dr D Shina12889 Words   |  52 PagesHISTORY OF ELECTRICITY IN KERALA – Dr D Shina S N COLLEGE, Kollam, Kerala, India email - achushina@gmail.com ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY The history of electricity can be traced back to the eighteenth century. The first instance of sensing the phenomenon of electricity was the accidental observation of what was later found out to be neon glow by Framas Bauksbw in 1709 at the Royal Society in London. Luigi Galvani observed moving of the legs of a dead frog when touched with a metal scalpelRead Moreindustrial relations systems in India1700 Words   |  7 PagesOutlining the formal industrial relations systems in India and comparing it to Australian industrial relations systems. Describing the views on how appropriate Indian industrial system is for modern industry and commerce. Executive summary: The determination of this report is to compare the industrial relationship system of India and Australia. The assessments provided here describes how appropriate Indian system is for modern industry and commerce. The conclusions gives a clear view of IndustrialRead MoreIndia s Electricity Crisis From Uttar Pradesh State1818 Words   |  8 Pages ELECTRICITY CRISIS IN INDIA (UTTAR PRADESH STATE) Name: Zhaomengqi Wang Instructor: Anshul Rana Course: SA. 790.722: Infrastructure and Development in South Asia Date : Nov 11 2016 Words:1460 †¢ Introduction Uttar Pradesh State in India has been a severe victim of electricity shortages for several years . Data from the Central Electricity Authority indicates that by May 2015, Uttar Pradesh’s power availability was around 11.6% less than maximum demand, compared to India’s power shortage ofRead MoreCritical Analysis of New Indian Economic Policy5290 Words   |  22 PagesINTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ECONOMY The economy of India as per the GDP is the eleventh largest economy in the world and by purchasing power parity the fourth largest. Following strong economic reforms from the socialist inspired economy of Indian nation before the time of independence, the country began to develop a fast-paced economic growth, as free market principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investment. India is an emerging economic power with a very largeRead MoreSummer Training Report on Delhi Transco Limited7876 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction Electricity plays a vital role in our day-to-day life.   It powers our houses, industries, hospitals and in fact our entire economy.  Electricity  (from the  New Latin  Ã„“lectricus, amber-like) is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of  electric charge. When we consider electricity, we usually think of electric power, and thats how well use the term here. Electricity is energy, and energy can do work. Electric power, electricity, is used

Nat Turner Researched Essay (with Citations) Free Essays

Nat Turner English 10 5 March 2012 There comes a time when everyone has to choose what they want to do with their lives, and few have done what Nat Turner has. He led a rebellion against his slave owner and opened the door for other slaves to begin their own fight for freedom. He was born a slave October 2nd, 1800 to Southampton County Virginian Benjamin Turner (â€Å"Nat Turner†). We will write a custom essay sample on Nat Turner Researched Essay (with Citations) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Turner was born into slavery by the slave of a refugee from the Saint Domigue revolt and raised on the plantation of Benjamin Turner. Benjamin Turner was one of the few slave owners that allowed Turner an education in reading, writing and religion – although he taught himself to read after being given a book (â€Å"Nat Turner Biography†). Nat Turner was a very advanced child, people around him at the time of his childhood said he knew the details of many events that occurred before his birth. He also had visions from a young age, and those he believed always led him to his great purpose. These visions led him to many different plantations and slave-masters in the attempt to find that calling (â€Å"Nat Turner Biography†). After his early education Turner was sent to various plantations like that of Benjamin Turners son, Samuel. He worked at each for several years, during one period he was the slave of a nine year-old boy whose father had just died until his mother remarried. He viewed his visions as a gift from God and learned to become a preacher in adulthood, while still working as a slave (â€Å"Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property†). At his fourth and final plantation Turner would start receiving visions of creating an uprising to free him and his fellow slaves. He gathered followers and planned out the entire rebellion, believing it to be for the greater good of all black slaves. But a just day before he could instigate the rebellion Turner got sick and the rebellion was held off until he was well enough to lead and fight (â€Å"Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property†). It would take a short period of time for Turner to get better before he had another ‘god vision’ telling him when the time would be right for an uprising. That time came in the form of a solar eclipse which Turner interpreted to mean it was time. He led forty men through several Virginia towns, killing at least 50 people. But Nat’s plan had been found out by whites who arrived to capture his small troupe. Turner successfully hid from the men until October 30, when he was captured and sent to the county jail. His â€Å"confession† was given to Thomas R. Gray before being sentenced to death by hanging (â€Å"Nat Tuner: A Troublesome Property†). Nat Turner is remembered in the South as being one of the first and most important rebels in history for this act of rebellion. Nat had one of the largest amounts of killings by slaves in his time, and he also is memorable for his openness about it. He was quoted in his confession as saying: â€Å"I see sir, you doubt my word; but can you not think the same ideas, and strange appearances about this time in the heavens might prompt others, as well as myself, to this undertaking. â€Å"(â€Å"Insurrection of Nat Turner, The†). Confessions of Nat Turner (1831). † Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 24 Nov 2008. 7 Feb 2012. â€Å"Confessions of Nat Turner, The. † Wake Forest University. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. â€Å"Nat Turner. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008. Encylopedia. com. 7 Feb. 2012. â€Å"Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property. † PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. PBS. 2012. Web. 7 Feb. 2012. â€Å"Nat Turner Biography. † Biography. com. AE Television Network, LLC. 1996-2012. Web. 7 Feb. 2012. How to cite Nat Turner Researched Essay (with Citations), Essays

Enterprise Resource Planning Nike Inc - Free Sample Assignment Soluti

Question: Describe about the purpose of adopting an ERP system, Critical Success Factors and SAP Reflective Essay? Answer: Introduction This assignment gives an in-depth understanding of various phases involved in an ERP system implementation and studies various challenges faced by Nike Inc when they decided to implement an ERP system in year 2000. Nike opted for an ERP system implementation in order to streamline their business processes and have a centralised system. Nike Inc. was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight in year 1964 at Beaverton, Oregon(Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). Initially named as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) it was in year 1972 when the company introduced Nike as a new brand of athletic footwear. Nike witnessed rapid growth since then and by year 2005 Nike comprised of 26,000 employees working in facilities at Tennessee, Oregon, Netherlands and North Carolina, around dozen Nike women stores, 200 factories and 100 above sales and administrative offices (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). Nike reported revenues of $ 13.7 billion in year 2005 and since then has never looked back. Nike has a number of subsidi aries like Bauer Nike Hockey, Cole Haan Holdings, Hurley International LLC, Converse Inc, Nike IHM Inc and Execter Brands Group LLC. By year 2004 the company had around 137 factories in Americas, 252 factories in North Asia, 104 in EMEA and 238 factories in South Asia. The company was created 650,000 jobs for the local communities thus supporting the economy. Today Nike is recognised as worlds largest manufacturer and distributor of athletic footwear and apparels. It is also involved in the manufacturing of some of the worlds best sports equipments. Purpose of adopting an ERP system Nike initially started as a sneaker manufacturer however it was in early 1970s when the company started selling its products to different parts of the world thus becoming a global company. Nikes supply chain as a sneaker manufacturer was highly centralised but as the company grew its global presence it was unable to run on 27 different order management systems that were highly customised and did not communicated well with each other and to the home office. Nike primary purpose behind adopting an ERP system was a need to increase reach, profitability and information availability. Nike was focusing on rapid global expansion with facilities, factories, manufacturing plants and sales offices in different geographic locations. Their operations were organised in a manner that product designs, deliveries and factory contracts were managed through their headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Owing to this fact by year 1998 Nike had developed 27 different order management systems that were highly customised and hardly communicated to each other or to home office. Thus a centralised system was urgently required to increase Nike reach to different parts of the world. ERP systems are highly integrated thus can be used as a centralised system in multiple geographical locations. Nike had a manufacturing cycle of nine month that lacked proper control. In order to increase their productivity and operational efficiency it wanted to have better control on their manufacturing cycle and eventually reduce it to six months. The integrated system architecture of ERP system help organisations integrate data and process from various departments and locations so that products are moved faster, orders are processed quickly, customers are invoiced accurately in time and shipments are reconciled rapidly. Thus, an ERP system owing to its high processing speed and data accuracy help increasing overall operational efficiency and productivity. An inability to access real-time information from different order management system resulted in malfunctioning of Nikes complete supply chain. Orders were missed and shipments delayed resulting in huge losses. Nike thus needed a system that could deliver real-time information with high accuracy; this requirement could be easily met by implementations of an ERP system. Implementation Strategies ERP system implementation is a complex process and involves high risk thus it is very important to ensure that resources are effectively allocated and the chosen implementation strategy best suits the nature and type of organisation (E.O'Leary, 2004). The process starts with the assessment of organisations culture, environment, staff expertise and overall readiness. It is important to ensure that the assessment is carried out in an open and honest manner. The process involves selecting the most suited implementation strategy along with the identification and planning of various implementation components. Hardware, Software and Human resources are the three main ERP implementation components (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). Hardware components comprises of all physical hardware used in the implementation process. An ERP system uses powerful set of servers for supporting production, development and testing environments. Key resources that are referred to as hardware resources include servers like high-end multiprocessor systems, main and secondary memory of several gigabytes and terabytes respectively, clients like end-users, developers and IT support accessing the system and peripherals like printers, networking hardware and print servers. Software components refer to the set of operating instructions and logical programs that are used to direct and control the activities of system hardware (Finney Corbett, 2007). It includes system software/ operating system platform, database management system and application software. People resources for an ERP implementation include end-users like clients, employees, vendors and anyone who uses the system (J.Morris, 2011). IT specialists like trainers, database administrators, developers and change management. Project Manager is an important human resource who ensures that the complete implementation team works in coordination with each other to achieve desired business goals. Once the hardware, software and people resources are identified it is important to decide over important aspects of virtualisation, use of third part products, database requirements and governance. Governance is an important part of ERP implementation that is concerned with defining and outlining committees and workgroups that will be responsible for different components of implementation, how they interact and making decisions related to those components (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). Different components of implementation include technical development, functional components, hardware and software installation, communications and reporting, project management, change management, budget management, project owners and sponsors and escalation process. Roles and responsibilities of implementation are divided among owners, project executive, steering committee, application steward, chairperson, project management office, project teams; project team leads and cross functional teams Vanilla implementation and Chocolate implementation are the two most commonly used implementation strategy(Addo-Tenkorang P.Helo, 2011). Vanilla implementation strategy is one in which organisations prefer to make considerable changes to their business practices in order to fit the system instead of modifying or customising the ERP system(E.O'Leary, 2004). This strategy is best suited for businesses that have simple and common business practices. It is good for businesses that lack the needed resources to build and change systems. Changing business practices also serves as a competitive advantage in some situations. Chocolate implementation is one in which organisations chose to customise or modify the ERP system in a way that fits with the existing business practices(Finney Corbett, 2007). It is a single-system instance thus is easy to maintain and support. It also help in accessing organisational change as resistance to change and risk is greatly minimised by customising the syst em so that it fulfils business needs. Modify the ERP implementation strategy however require considerable focus on effective knowledge transfer. The case depicts use of chocolate implementation strategy by Nike to implement a purchased single-instance ERP system. It helped in effective change management and handling resistance to change. Business process re-engineering helped them define performance based goals which was one of the driving force behind successful ERP implementation. Vendor Selection Vendor selection is a crucial step in ERP implementation as it is essential to ensure that the selected vendor fulfils needs and goals of the organisation. It is important to have a well-defined vendor selection process in place in order to ensure successful implementation. There are a number of consulting firms that help businesses select most appropriate vendor. Two most important criteria for evaluating an ERP vendor is the degree to which the ERP fits the business functions and the ERP product performance in the market(Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). A high level ERP purchase process involves following predefined series of steps starting from vendor research and information gathering, evaluation of vendor demonstrations, assessment of needs and requirements, request for bid development, analysis and selection that include evaluation of bids, technical and functional evaluation, detailed demonstrations from vendor, reference checks and development of total cost of ownership. Next step is vendor negotiation where contracts are reviews and changes done if needed and prices for software, maintenance, support and consulting are finalised. Once all the above steps are completed the ERP system is purchased from selected vendor. ERP systems are afforded by number of vendors in the market however some of the most recognised ERP vendors are; SAP is the market leader of worlds ERP market with 24% market share and provide solutions for industries of all types and sizes. SAP faces competition from other vendors like Oracle, Microsoft, IBM, Lawson, SSA Global, Infor Visual, Epicor, Great Plains and Plex Online (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). It is important to review vendor documented processes to identify their system functionality. The two main documents to be views are data and functional flow of business processes and table of functions performed in each department also presenting priorities assigned to each function. The case does not give enough information about the vendor selection process followed by Nike. No specific ERP vendor is named in the case. It is important that management of the organisation give enough time to evaluate the system, review detailed demonstrations and communicate effectively with references and other organisations using the system. As Nike was looking for a single-instance ERP system which would centralise their operations SAP would have been the best choice for them. Knowledge Transfer Before the Go-live it is important to ensure that proper training has been delivered to end-users and the knowledge transfer process is almost complete (E.O'Leary, 2004). Once the ERP system goes live the organisation needs to undergo a stabilization process of 60-90 days. It is important to ensure that there is well-defined and continuous process in place which works effectively so that knowledge and skills are transferred to employees and team members during the implementation as well as stabilisation process. Development of a knowledge transfer plan is important to ensure that knowledge is transferred effectively as implementation proceeds from one phase to another. It helps ensuring that knowledge is retained, cost of support is reduced by reducing number of support calls, faster learning is facilitated, system capabilities are enhanced and that system is used correctly. Ineffective knowledge transfer and lack of proper end-user training was the main reason behind the failure of demand planning system at Nike. They realised their mistake and so in case of ERP implementation they ensures that employees are not allowed to work on systems until they undergo a mandatory training for 140-180 hours. End-users were completely trained before the go-live which made them use the system properly. Critical Success Factors Apart from choosing a perfect implementation strategy, effective vendor selection and focused knowledge transfer it is also important to ensure that effective human resources and leadership team is allocated to handle different activities of ERP implementation (E.O'Leary, 2004). Some other factors that are critical for overall success of the project are: Decision making process: It is important to have a well-defined decision making process which minimises risk related to scope, productivity and efficiency (Finney Corbett, 2007). Nike had a strong decision making process that helped them identify faults and according plan improvements in demand planning system. Project Scope: It is essential to identify what is actually expected from the project. Nike wanted ERP system to achieve business goals and was not at all concerned about getting the systems running. They focused on performance which helped them make the process successful Teamwork: Project team comprises of internal employees and external consultants who need to work in coordination with each as a team. Effective team work helped Nike achieve desired business goals. Change Management: Effective change management is important for handling resistance to change shown by employees. Business process reengineer helps Nike in defining performance based goals and accessing organisational change in an effective manner. It is important that implementation and executive team work in coordination and provide full support to the project. Organisational Commitment Organisational commitment refers to the unwavering commitment and will of senior management and team members to see the implementation process deliver desired results (Motiwalla Thompson, 2011). It is important that the project team members and leaders believe in their strategies and plans and always face all challenges with a can-do spirit. A well-define communication plan and Organisational Project Management Model is two main approaches that help ensuring organisational commitment. OPM3 is a continuous improvement process that is divided into three steps of knowledge, assessment and improvement. Nike showed high organisational commitment which lead to successful ERP implementation. Business process reengineering helped them in effective change management which further ensured strong organisational commitment. Recommendation for suitable alternatives Nike opted for single instance ERP system with a phased roll out over six years. They adopted modify the ERP (chocolate) implementation strategy which proved out to be successful as their goal was to achieve desired business goals and not to get the systems running. Nike learned from their mistakes which resulted in failure of demanding planning system implementation thus gave due importance to knowledge transfer in case of ERP implementation. Nike lacked required expertise and resources for an effective ERP implementation as presented in the case thus vanilla implementation strategy could have been a better choice for them. Vanilla implementation strategy is best suited for companies whose business practices are not unique and all are followed in same manner across different locations. Hiring an external consultant with expertise in ERP implementation would have helped them complete their project within the allocated budget. As Nike comprised of large number of employees working in different geographical locations they needed a centralised ERP system with integrated functional modules that provided high cross departmental visibility and real-time information instead of two different systems. Also one of the best advantage of vanilla implementation is that it involves almost no customisation of the ERP system, lesser the customisation less are the risks involved in implementation and so cost and time involved is also comparatively less. Highly customised systems are relatively very difficult to manage and call for a reimplementation every time business processes are altered. The changes made in the business practices during vanilla implementation also serve as a competitive advantage in todays dynamic marketplace. SAP Reflective Essay SAP or Systems, Applications and Processes in Data Processing is a German multinational software corporation started in year 1972 in Mannheim, Germany by five former IBM employees that develops enterprise software and solutions to help their clients manage customer relations and business operations (SAP SE, 2015). SAP is the market leader of worldwide ERP software market with a market share of 24% and sale value of $6.1 billion. SAP develops products for businesses of all sizes and types helping them streamline their business activities and increase market share. SAP faces tough competition from Oracle, Microsoft and IBM as their main competitors (Forbes, 2014). Innovation is the key behind the remarkable success of SAP across the globe. Reflective practice is a step involved in self-managed learning which enable users to review their own actions and plan improvements accordingly. SAP software can be evaluated against five end-user criteria of response time, usability, flexibility, b usiness insight and transactional efficiency. SAP scores high on usability and is highly user-friendly software (Addo-Tenkorang P.Helo, 2011). Users can easy move from one process to another using simple T-codes and navigation paths. It is self explanatory software that gives complete information about itself. The production and the testing environment called sandbox is completely separated in order to ensure that operational activities are carried out effectively without any interruption. The Easy Access screen serves as a guide to the system and menu bars are easy to understand. Almost all possess are carried out in an identical manner making it convenient for end-users to understand process flows. SAP allows end-users to save T-codes that are very commonly used as favourites; it creates a log of recent activities performed and keeps a track of searches thus scores a high on transactional efficiency. SAP provides scripting option for repeated tasks that help saving time spent on performing exactly similar tasks. Thus, it is very easy to perform common and repeated tasks using SAP software. SAP scores a high on flexibility and supports businesses of all sizes and types. It is a highly integrated ERP system that brings almost all functional modules on a single platform. It allows extensive customisation thus can fit in all business processes. End-users can easily navigate from one process to other using simple T-codes. SAP scores a high on business insight as it allows end-users to access comprehensive reports, real-time data and cross departmental data visibility. SAP reports are executable programs that read information from the database and deliver real-time data of activities performed in different business modules based on the selected filter criteria. They can be standard SAP reports, Ad hoc queries and customised reports. For example sales order report not only inform the end-user about the sales orders entered within specified timeframe but also other related information like customer, pricing, shipment etc. These reports can be easily accessed using specific T-codes or navigation paths. SAP is recognised worldwide for its high processing speed and quick response time. Single searches and activities are performed very quickly however response time for reports depend on the volume of data desired. Greater the time frame greater is the time consumed to extract reports. SAP reports present accurate, real-time data that present visibility to cross departmental data thus consume comparatively more time than single searches and activities. All the factors make SAP a highly user friendly software that helps organisations achieves their desired organisational goals and performance objectives. References Addo-Tenkorang, R. P.Helo, (2011) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) : A Review of Literature Report. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Society, 2(1), pp. 1-10. E.O'Leary, D., (2004) Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) Systems: An Empirical Analysis of Benefits. Jounal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 1(1), pp. 63-72. Finney, S. Corbett, M., (2007) ERP implementation: a compilation and analysis of critical success factors. Business Process Management Journal, 13(3), pp. 329-347. Forbes, (2014) 2013 Business Intelligence And Analytics Market Share Update: SAP Continues Market Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2014/04/29/2013-business-intelligence-and-analytics-market-share-update-sap-continues-market-leadership/ [Accessed 2015]. J.Morris, J., (2011) The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Journal of Information Systems, 1(129-157), p. 25. Motiwalla, L. Thompson, J., (2011) Enterprise Systems for Management. Essex: Pearson Education. SAP SE, (2015) SAP at a glance: company information. [Online] Available at: https://www.sap.com/corporate-en/about/our-company/index.html [Accessed 2015].